MXene-Assisted Ablation of Cells with a Pulsed Near-Infrared Laser

Sergiy Kyrylenko^a , Oleksiy Gogotsi b, Ivan Baginskiy ^b , Vitalii Balitskyi ^b , Veronika Zahorodna ^b , Yevheniia Husak ^a,c , Ilya Yanko^a , Mykolay Pernakov ^a , Anton Roshchupkin^a , Mykola Lyndin^a , Bernhard B. Singer ^d , Volodymyr Buranych^a , Alexander Pogrebnjak ^a,e , Oksana Sulaieva ^f , Oleksandr Solodovnyk ^a,g , Yury Gogotsi ^a,h , Maksym Pogorielov ^a,i*

^a Sumy State University, 31 Sanatorna St, Sumy 40007 Ukraine
^b Materials Research Centre, 3 Krzhizhanovskogo St, Kyiv 03680 Ukraine
^c Silesian University of Technology, 2 A Akademicka St, Gliwice 44 100 Poland
^d Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg Essen, 171 Virchowstraße Essen 45147 Germany
^e Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
^f Medical Laboratory CSD, 45 Vasylkivska St, Kyiv 02000 Ukraine
^g VERBA MEDICAL LTD, 31 А Lushpy St, Sumy 40035 Ukraine
^h Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 United States
ⁱ University of Latvia, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, 3 Jelgavas St, Riga LV 1004 Latvia

Abstract

Innovative therapies are urgently needed to combat cancer. Thermal ablation of tumor cells is a promising minimally invasive treatment option. Infrared light can penetrate human tissues and reach superficial malignancies. MXenes are a class of 2D materials that consist of carbides/nitrides of transition metals. The transverse surface plasmons of MXenes allow for efficient light absorption and light-to-heat conversion, making MXenes promising agents for photothermal therapy (PTT). To date, near-infrared (NIR) light lasers have been used in PTT studies explicitly in a continuous mode. We hypothesized that pulsed NIR lasers have certain advantages for the development of tailored PTT treatment targeting tumor cells. The pulsed lasers offer a wide range of controllable parameters, such as power density, duration of pulses, pulse frequency, and so on. Consequently, they can lower the total energy applied and enable the ablation of tumor cells while sparing adjacent healthy tissues.

Development of tailored MXene PTT treatment targeting tumor cells. We demonstrate both low toxicity and good biocompatibility of this MXene in vitro, as well as a favorable safety profile based on the experiments in vivo.

We show for the first time that a pulsed 1064 nm laser could be employed for selective ablation of cells loaded with Ti3C2Tx MXene. We demonstrate both low toxicity and good biocompatibility of this MXene in vitro, as well as a favorable safety profile based on the experiments in vivo. Furthermore, we analyze the interaction of MXene with cells in several cell lines and discuss possible artifacts of commonly used cellular metabolic assays in experiments with MXenes. Overall, these studies provide a basis for the development of efficient and safe protocols for minimally invasive therapies for certain tumors.

Keywords: MXene, photothermal therapy, cancer cell, pulsed near-infrared laser, in vivo, safety

Cite article:

Sergiy Kyrylenko, Oleksiy Gogotsi, Ivan Baginskiy, Vitalii Balitskyi, Veronika Zahorodna, Yevheniia Husak, Ilya Yanko, Mykolay Pernakov, Anton Roshchupkin, Mykola Lyndin, Bernhard B. Singer, Volodymyr Buranych, Alexander Pogrebnjak, Oksana Sulaieva, Oleksandr Solodovnyk, Yury Gogotsi, Maksym Pogorielov, MXene-Assisted Ablation of Cells with a Pulsed Near-Infrared Laser. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 14, 25, 28683–28696, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c08678

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