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Using of additional opportunities of CAD specialized program products – the software intended for development of drawings, engineering and technological documentation as well as 3D models. CAD is computer-aided design system to draw in CAE – designing of 3D solids, CAM – systems of engineering calculations enables our engineers to solve non-standard tasks of any complexity, is the use of computer software to control machine tools and related machinery in the manufacturing of workpieces .  Computer-aided design (CAD) is program technologies for designing of 2D and 3D shape of the objects. It’s widely used in lots of spheres, in particular, animation, automobiles, shipbuilding, aerospace industry, industrial and architectural design and so forth. CAD is the main driving force to explore in the field of computational geometry, computer graphics (both hardware and software) as well as discrete differential geometry.

Up-to-date systems of engineering calculations (CAE) are usually applied along with CAD systems. CAE systems are the major providers of information to help support design teams in decision making.CAE areas covered include: Stress analysis on components and assemblies using Finite Element Analysis; еhermal and fluid flow analysis, сomputational fluid dynamics; multibody dynamics and kinematics; analysis tools for process simulation for operations, product or process optimization.

Methods applied for engineering calculations:

Finite element method. - The basic idea in the finite element method is to find solution of a complicated problem by replacing it by a simpler one. Since the actual problem is replaced by a simpler one in finding the solution, it would be possible to find only an approximate solution rather than the exact solution. Moreover, in the finite element method, it will often be possible to improve or refine the approximate solution by spending more computational effort. For the last decades this method is the leading one and widely applied.

Finite difference method is a well-known and simplest method of interpolation. It is used to solve ordinary differential equations that have conditions imposed on the boundary rather than at the initial point.

The finite-volume method is a method for representing and evaluating partial differential equations in the form of algebraic equations. In the finite volume method, volume integrals in a partial differential equation that contain a divergence term are converted to surface integrals, using the divergence theorem. These terms are then evaluated as fluxes at the surfaces of each finite volume.

The von Mises stress is often used in determining whether an isotropic and ductile metal will yield when subjected to a complex loading condition. This is accomplished by calculating the von Mises stress and comparing it to the material's yield stress, which constitutes the von Mises Yield Criterion.

The objective is to develop a yield criterion for ductile metals that works for any complex 3-D loading condition, regardless of the mix of normal and shear stresses. The von Mises stress does this by boiling the complex stress state down into a single scalar number that is compared to a metal's yield strength, also a single scalar numerical value determined from a uniaxial tension test (because that's the easiest) on the material in a lab.Hydrostatic and deviatoric stresses.The hydrostatic stress is related to volume change, while the deviatoric stress is related to shape change.

Materials Research Centre uses Autodesk Inventor 3D CAD software products, that offer a comprehensive, flexible set of software for 3D mechanical design, product simulation, tooling creation, engineer to order, and design communication. Inventor takes engineer beyond 3D to Digital Prototyping by enabling him to produce an accurate 3D model that can help to design, visualize, and simulate products before they are built. Digital Prototyping with Inventor helps companies design better products, reduce development costs, and get to market faster.

Autodesk Inventor comes in different product configurations that offer specific levels of functionality to fit every design needs. Inventor is powerful 3D CAD Software for Mechanical Design. Autodesk Inventor 3D mechanical design software includes CAD productivity and design communication tools that can help to reduce errors, communicate more effectively, and deliver more innovative product designs faster. The Inventor model is an accurate 3D digital prototype that can validate the form, fit, and function of a design and unites direct modeling and parametric workflows.

3D models of equipment by Autodesk Inventor

all 3D models can be divided into two categories:

Solid - These models define the volume of the object they represent, they are mostly used for nonvisual simulations such as medical and engineering simulations, for CAD and specialized visual applications

Shell/boundary - these models represent the surface, the boundary of the object, not its volume

Materials Research Centre is actively supporting using of CAD with open source code for multifunctional operation environment GNU/Linux assembled under the model of free and open source software. In order to develop engineering documentation (2D and 3D design drawings) co-workers of the Materials Research Centre’s Design Department use specialized software on the basis of multifunctional operation environment GNU/Linux. It is used as operation system of the most powerful supercomputers all over the world (servers, computers of non-standard architecture due to the opportunity of OS kernel quick adaptation and varieties of the software, military systems, computers mounted in various devices due to wide range of opportunities on Linux configuring with a task being performed.

3d model by GMSH	Stair design model by BLENDER	Vizualization of stair in Blender

Freeware is being actively used for design and engineering calculation. It’s a wide range of software with right of the user for unlimited installation, launching as well as easy use, study, distribution, changing (upgrading) and open-source software. This is the software with open-source code, available for browsing, study and upgrading which requires additional qualification but allows to update the most open program, as well as to use code for creating new programs, updating and correction of mistakes.