MXenes for biomedical applications: MXene-Polydopamine-antiCEACAM1 Antibody Complex as a Strategy for Targeted Ablation of Melanoma

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a method for eradicating tumor tissues through the use of photothermal materials and photosensitizing agents that absorb light energy from laser sources and convert it into heat, which selectively targets and destroys cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue.
MXenes have been intensively investigated as photosensitizing agents for PTT. However, achieving the selectivity of MXenes to the tumor cells remains a challenge. Specific antibodies (Ab) against tumor antigens can achieve homing of the photosensitizing agents toward tumor cells, but their immobilization on MXene received little attention. Here, we offer a strategy for the selective ablation of melanoma cells using MXene-polydopamineantiCEACAM1 Ab complexes. We coated Ti3C2Tx MXene with polydopamine (PDA), a natural compound that attaches Ab to the MXene surface, followed by conjugation with an anti-CEACAM1 Ab. Our experiments confirm the biocompatibility of the Ti3C2Tx-PDA and Ti3C2Tx-PDAantiCEACAM1 Ab complexes across various cell types. We also established a protocol for the selective ablation of CEACAM1- positive melanoma cells using near-infrared irradiation. The obtained complexes exhibit high selectivity and efficiency in targeting and eliminating CEACAM1-positive melanoma cells while sparing CEACAM1-negative cells. These results demonstrate the potential of MXene-PDA-Ab complexes for cancer therapy. They underline the critical role of targeted therapies in oncology, offering a promising avenue for the precise and safe treatment of melanoma and possibly other cancers characterized by specific biomarkers. Future research will aim to refine these complexes for clinical use, paving the way for new strategies for cancer treatment.

MXene-Polydopamine-antiCEACAM1 Antibody Complex fro cancer therapy

Our study has showcased the potential of the MXene-PDAantiCEACAM1 Ab complex as a highly selective and efficient means for the targeted ablation of melanoma cells. We have introduced a cost-effective, simple, and reproducible technology for modifying Ti3C2Tx MXene using PDA, followed by a one-step mAb binding. This innovative approach represents a significant advance over previous methodologies by combining the high photothermal efficiency of MXenes with the precise targeting capability of antibodies, thereby achieving substantial cell death in CEACAM1-positive melanoma cells with a minimal impact on CEACAM1-negative cells. This strategy holds promise for mitigating the risk of damage to surrounding healthy tissues, a prevalent issue in traditional cancer therapies.
The efficacy of these complexes in selectively binding and ablating targeted cells underscores the critical role of combining nanomaterials with specific biological markers in developing targeted cancer therapies.

KEYWORDS: MXene, photothermal ablation, targeted delivery, CEACAM1, antibody immobilization, anticancer therapy

To cite: Anastasia Konieva, Volodymyr Deineka, Kateryna Diedkova, Daniel Aguilar-Ferrer, Mykola Lyndin, Gunther Wennemuth, Viktoriia Korniienko, Sergiy Kyrylenko, Alexey Lihachev, Veronika Zahorodna, Ivan Baginskiy, Emerson Coy, Oleksiy Gogotsi, Agata Blacha-Grzechnik, Wojciech Simka, Irina Kube-Golovin, Igor Iatsunskyi, and Maksym Pogorielov. MXene-Polydopamine-antiCEACAM1 Antibody Complex as a Strategy for Targeted Ablation of Melanoma. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2024 16 (33), 43302-43316 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08129

Read more about this work in ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsami.4c08129

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