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Drexel University’s MXene material is one step closer to transforming the lives of people suffering from end-stage kidney disease. Nephria Bio, Inc., a U.S.-based spin-off of the South Korean medical device company EOFlow Co., Ltd., has signed a licensing agreement with the University to use the two-dimensional material, discovered at Drexel, as a filter in a wearable artificial kidney device it is developing. The technology could allow many of the millions of people suffering from end-stage kidney disease worldwide to move more freely, without spending hours each week anchored to large dialysis machines.
“Our fundamental study of titanium carbide MXene supported by NSF showed that MXene is biocompatible, able of adsorbing a variety of small molecules, and holds a lot of promise in medical applications, so it is exciting to see it applied for improving and really changing dialysis — an area of need in health care that can help millions of people,” said Yury Gogotsi, PhD, Distinguished University and Bach professor in Drexel’s College of Engineering, who is a world leader in developing and studying MXenes.
In the late stages of kidney disease, the kidneys have trouble filtering fluids and small molecules, including urea, and some of these molecules become toxic in the body when they begin to accumulate. Dialysis supports the kidneys in filtering toxins and excess fluids from the blood, but the process is time-consuming and requires patients to remain attached to immobile dialysis machines.
“This work could give hundreds of thousands of people with kidney disease the ability to live life more freely and fully,” said Meera Harhay, MD, an associate professor of Medicine in Drexel’s College of Medicine, who has been working with Gogotsi to study MXene’s application in dialysis. “A wearable artificial kidney would allow people suffering from kidney disease to more easily work and travel and maintain a more active lifestyle, which has been associated with positive health outcomes.”
A single facility-based hemodialysis session can require up to 200 liters of purified water to clear the build-up of urea and other toxic molecules from a patient’s blood. Developing a portable dialysis machine means figuring out how to reduce the amount of water the wearer would have to carry with them.
MXene is the solution, according to Jesse Kim, founding CEO of Nephria Bio and its parent company, EOFlow, because it filters urea and other electrolytes well enough that a single liter of water could be quickly cleaned and reused for the entirety of the process.
“In order to develop a wearable dialysis device, you need a material that can filter urea, which is a very, very small molecule that is also very soluble, it dissolves in water so well that it’s really hard to filter,” Kim said. “It’s the most difficult toxin to filter. And that’s why dialysis takes so long. If you go to a dialysis center, it takes 4-6 hours per session.”
MXene is a two-dimensional material just a few atoms thick that has demonstrated a number exceptional abilities since its discovery in Drexel’s College of Engineering in 2011. Among them, the ability to filter tiny particles from liquid, which researchers in the Department Materials Science and Engineering identified several years ago, made it a prime candidate for use in dialysis.
"Two technologies are essential to develop wearable artificial kidneys; One is a small, light actuator with low power consumption, and the other is an efficient material for urea filtration. Nephria Bio secured them both—the proprietary electroosmotic pump technology from EOFlow, and the filter technology from Drexel University,” Kim said. “With the unique combination of these enabling technologies, Nephria Bio feels that it can substantially enhance dialysis therapy for kidney patients.”
Drexel researchers Gogotsi, who discovered MXenes along with fellow College of Engineering professor Michel Barsoum, PhD, and Harhay, a kidney disease specialist, have been working with Kim with support from the Coulter-Drexel Translational Research Partnership Program to combine MXene with EOFlow’s patented electrochemical actuator pump, to produce a lightweight-but-powerful filtration device that will enable portable dialysis.
The EOFlow pump is the key component of a disposable insulin patch, which recently entered the market. It launched Nephria Bio in January 2021 with the specific goal of exploring how it could be used in dialysis.
Nephria Bio’s plan is to use the pump and MXene material to produce a lightweight, highly efficient filtration system that would enable reuse and recycling of the filtration water, called dialysate. Putting the technology in a flexible, wearable, cartridge-based system, called EOPump-based Continuous Ambulatory Renal Replacement Therapy (EOCARRT™), will allow ambulatory dialysis. The system could supplement or bridge traditional dialysis therapy and, ultimately, supplant it — depending on the therapeutic needs and how the device performs, Kim said.
“Working with Nephria Bio through the Coulter program has revealed the promise of MXene materials in biomedical technology. This collaboration is taking the work of many Drexel researchers one step closer to realizing its potential as a medical application” said Kathie Jordan, PhD, director of the Coulter-Drexel program.
Source: https://drexel.edu/now/archive/2021/April/MXene-NephriaBio-wearable-artificial-kidney/
Congratulations and thank you to our collaborators from TU Wien and CEST for very interesting work and making it published! In this work, an upscalable electrochemical MXene synthesis is presented. Yields of up to 60% electrochemical MXene (EC-MXene) with no byproducts from a single exfoliation cycle are achieved.
Thank you to our collaborators for the amazing joint work recently published in Graphene and 2D Nanomaterials about MXene–silk fibroin composite films aiming to develop materials with tunable electronic and thermal properties
Congratulations to all collaborators with this interesting joint work!
Dr. Oleksiy Gogotsi, director of MRC and Carbon-Ukraine, innovative companies that are among the leaders on the world MXene market, visited 2024 MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit. together with Dr. Maksym Pogorielov, Head of Advanced Biomaterials and Biophysics Laboratory, University of Latvia.
MRC and Carbon-Ukraine team visited the 3rd International MXene conference held at Drexel University on August 5-8, 2024. Conference brought together the best reserchers and leading experts on MXene field. 
Together with colleagues from the University of Latvia, MRC/Carbone Ukraine, Adam Mickiewicz University, University Clinic Essen, and others, we have developed a novel concept involving the binding of antibodies to MXenes. In our research, we utilized anti-CEACAM1 antibodies to develop targeted photo-thermal therapy for melanoma (in vitro), paving the way for future in vivo studies and clinical trials. For the first time, we demonstrate the feasibility of delivering MXenes specifically targeted to melanoma cells, enabling the effective ablation of cancer cells under near-infrared (NIR) light. This new technique opens up vast potential for the application of MXenes in cancer treatment, diagnostics, drug delivery, and many other medical purposes.
Here we demonstrate a new developed method for depositing Ti3C2Tx MXenes onto hydrophobic electrospun PCL membranes using oxygen plasma treatment. These novel patches hold tremendous potential for providing mechanical support to damaged heart tissue and enabling electrical signal transmission,thereby mimicking the crucial electroconductivity required for normal cardiac function. After a detailed investigation of scaffold-to-cell interplay, including electrical stimulation, novel technology has the potential for clinical application not only for cardiac regeneration, but also as neural and muscular tissue substitutes.
MX-MAP project participants from MRC Dr. Oleksiy Gogotsi and Veronika Zahorodna performed split secondment visit to project partner organization University of Padova (Italy). MX-MAP project works on development of the key strategies for MXene medical applications. 
CanbioSe Project Meeting and Project Workshop was held at European Institute of Membranes (IEM), University of Montpellier, France on September 26-27, 2023. The workshop was focused on the theme of "Commercializing Biosensors, Intellectual Property, and Knowledge Transfer from Academia to Industry.
Dr. Oleksiy Gogotsi and Veronika Zahorodna visited IEEE NAP 2023 conference held in Bratislava on September 10-15, 2023. The prime focus of the IEEE NAP-2023 was on nanoscale materials with emphasis on interdisciplinary research exploring and exploiting their unique physical and chemical proprieties for practical applications.
Director of MRC and Carbon-Ukraine Dr. Oleksiy Gogotsi visited CEST labs in Wiener Neustadt (Low Energy Ion Scattering, Batteries development) and TU Vienna (ELSA, SFA). He meet with Dr. Pierluigi Bilotto, Dr. Chriatian Pichler and their colleagues, discussing novel materials and r&d activities for new technologies.